/* RTL overrides for Ishraq theme footer (based on new-style.css)
   Scope: activate only when html[dir="rtl"] or a parent has .rtl */

/* Layout and alignment */
.footer {
    text-align: right;
}

.footer-grid {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.footer-grid>* {
    text-align: right;
}

/* Headings underline from right */
.footer-heading::after {
    right: 0;
    left: auto;
}

/* Nav bullets and padding mirrored */
.footer-nav li {
    padding-right: 15px;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.footer-nav li::before {
    right: 0;
    left: auto;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}

/* Links hover nudge left */
.footer-link:hover {
    transform: translateX(-5px);
}

/* Newsletter group mirrored: button on the left, input on the right */
.newsletter-input-group {
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.newsletter-input {
    text-align: right;
}

.newsletter-input {
    border-top-right-radius: 8px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 8px;
    border-top-left-radius: 0;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
}

.newsletter-button {
    border-top-left-radius: 8px;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 8px;
    border-top-right-radius: 0;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
}

/* News text alignment */
.footer .latest-news,
.footer .latest-news p {
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

/* Info and bottom rows */
.journal-info {
    text-align: right;
}

.footer-bottom {
    direction: rtl;
}

/* Social links alignment */
.social-links {
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

/* Scroll to top on the left for RTL */
.scroll-top-btn {
    left: 30px;
    right: auto;
}

/* RTL Version of new-style.css for Ishraq Theme */
/* Based on amp-theme-1/front/assets/css/new-style.css */

/* Reset and base styles */
:root {
    --sky-gradient: linear-gradient(145deg, #00c3cd 0%, #0049e8 50%, #9B00FF 100%);
    --sky-gradient-hover: linear-gradient(145deg, #9FD5F3 0%, #5D9CEC 50%, #A592D9 100%);
}

* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* RTL Direction */
html {
    direction: rtl;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
    font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.6;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 100vh;
    color: #333;
    font-size: 16px;
    direction: rtl;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

/* Ensure consistent text rendering */
* {
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

/* Enhanced typography for RTL */
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2c3e50;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-align: right;
}

p {
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    text-align: right;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Enhanced focus states for RTL */
*:focus {
    outline: 2px solid #667eea;
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Smooth transitions for RTL elements */
* {
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.container {
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 15px;
}

.main-box {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1400px !important;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 15px;
}

/* Constrain main page section width similar to English version */
.page-content-wrapper,
.main-box,
.row.main-box {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding-right: 20px;
    padding-left: 20px;
}

/* Ensure the HTML main region is centered as a container */
main {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-left: auto;
    padding-right: 20px;
    padding-left: 20px;
}

/* Responsive Header Styles - RTL */
.header {
    background-color: white;
    padding: 12px 0;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    direction: rtl;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1000;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef;
}

.header-content {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    direction: rtl;
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    min-height: 60px;
}

/* RTL Header controls layout - search box first, then login area */
.header-controls .search-form {
    order: 2;
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-right: 15px;
}

.header-controls .login-area {
    order: 1;
    margin-right: 0;
    margin-left: 0;
}

.logo {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #333;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    order: 2;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    flex: 1;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    margin-right: 20px;
}

.logo:hover {
    transform: scale(1.02);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.logo-text {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin: 0;
    color: #2c3e50;
    text-align: right;
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: -0.3px;
}

.logo-dot {
    color: #667eea;
    margin: 0 6px;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.header-controls {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    order: 1;
    direction: rtl;
    flex: 1;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    margin-left: 20px;
}

/* Enhanced header responsiveness */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .header {
        padding: 12px 0;
    }

    .header-content {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 15px;
        text-align: center;
        padding: 0 15px;
    }

    .logo {
        order: 1;
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .header-controls {
        order: 2;
        justify-content: center;
        flex-direction: row;
        gap: 15px;
        margin-left: 0;
    }

    .header-controls .search-form {
        order: 2;
        margin-right: 0;
    }

    .header-controls .login-area {
        order: 1;
    }

    .logo-text {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }

    .search-form {
        min-width: 200px;
        max-width: 300px;
    }

    .nav-list {
        flex-direction: column;
        width: 100%;
        background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        right: 0;
        left: 0;
        padding: 20px;
        display: none;
    }

    .nav-list.active {
        display: flex;
    }

    .nav-item {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .nav-link {
        padding: 15px 0;
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    }

    .utility-nav {
        order: 2;
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

/* Additional RTL improvements for better visual consistency */
.header-controls .search-form {
    margin-left: 15px;
    margin-right: 0;
}

.login-area {
    margin-right: 15px;
    margin-left: 0;
}

/* Ensure search icon is visible */
.search-button i.bi-search,
.search-button i.fa-search,
.search-button i.fas.fa-search {
    display: block;
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1;
    color: inherit;
}

/* Responsive search form - RTL */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .search-input {
        width: 160px;
    }

    .search-input:focus {
        width: 180px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .search-form {
        flex-grow: 1;
        max-width: 280px;
    }

    .search-input,
    .search-input:focus {
        width: 100%;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .search-form {
        max-width: 100%;
    }
}

/* Ensure proper RTL alignment for all text elements */
.nav-link,
.utility-nav .nav-link,
.login-area,
.logo-text {
    text-align: right;
}

/* Improve button consistency */
.btn,
.search-button,
.utility-nav .nav-link,
.language-switcher,
.rss-button {
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.2px;
}

/* Additional styling improvements to match English version */
.header-content {
    min-height: 50px;
}

.logo-text {
    font-size: 1.7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2c3e50;
}

.nav-link {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    padding: 12px 18px;
}

/* Improve dropdown menu styling */
.dropdown-menu {
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    padding: 8px 0;
    min-width: 200px;
}

.dropdown-menu li {
    padding: 0;
}

.dropdown-menu a {
    padding: 8px 16px;
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}

.dropdown-menu a:hover {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    color: #667eea;
}

/* Search Form - RTL (matching English version) */
.search-form {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.search-input {
    padding: 8px 40px 8px 15px;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 30px;
    font-size: 14px;
    width: 180px;
    transition: all 0.3s;
    background: white;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.search-input:focus {
    width: 220px;
    outline: none;
    border-color: #aaa;
}

.search-button {
    position: absolute;
    right: 15px;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: #666;
    font-size: 16px;
    transition: color 0.3s;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
}

.search-button:hover {
    color: #333;
}

.search-button i {
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1;
}

/* Login Area - RTL (matching English version) */
.login-area {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: #333;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.login-link {
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 400;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
    font-size: 14px;
}

.login-link:hover {
    color: #666;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.login-area .text-muted {
    color: #666 !important;
    margin: 0 5px;
}

/* Navigation - RTL */
.nav-container {
    background: var(--sky-gradient);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 117, 255, 0.4);
    padding: 0;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 999;
}

.main-nav {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0;
    position: relative;
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    min-height: 50px;
}

.nav-list {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0;
    direction: rtl;
    /* flex: 1; */
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.nav-item {
    position: relative;
}

.nav-link {
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 15px 20px;
    display: block;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border-radius: 0;
    position: relative;
    letter-spacing: 0.2px;
}

.nav-link:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-link:active {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

/* Enhanced dropdown styling - RTL */
.dropdown-arrow::after {
    content: '';
    display: inline-block;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    margin-right: 6px;
    margin-left: 0;
    vertical-align: middle;
    border-top: 4px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 4px solid transparent;
    border-right: 4px solid white;
    border-left: none;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.nav-item:hover .dropdown-arrow::after {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
}

/* RTL Dropdown arrows for navigation */
.nav-link .fa-chevron-down {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
    margin-right: 4px;
    margin-left: 0;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.nav-link .fa-chevron-right {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
    margin-right: 4px;
    margin-left: 0;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

/* RTL Dropdown arrows - alternative styling */
.nav-link .fa-angle-down {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
    margin-right: 4px;
    margin-left: 0;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.nav-link .fa-angle-right {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
    margin-right: 4px;
    margin-left: 0;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

/* Dropdown Menu - RTL */
.dropdown-menu {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    right: 0;
    left: auto;
    background: white;
    min-width: 200px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 8px 0;
    margin: 0;
    list-style: none;
    display: none;
    z-index: 1000;
    border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
}

.nav-item:hover .dropdown-menu {
    display: block;
}

.dropdown-item {
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    display: block;
    transition: background 0.3s ease;
    text-align: right;
}

.dropdown-item:hover {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Utility Navigation - RTL */
.utility-nav {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    order: 1;
}

.utility-nav .nav-link {
    padding: 5px 10px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    border-radius: 15px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    font-weight: 500;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    border: none;
}

.utility-nav .nav-link:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.utility-nav .nav-link i {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

/* Mobile Menu Toggle - RTL */
.mobile-menu-toggle {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: white;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 10px;
    margin-left: 15px;
}

/* Main Content Layout - RTL */
.main-content-box {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    padding: 30px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
    border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
    position: relative;
}

/* RTL Layout for main content area */
.row.main-box {
    direction: rtl;
    /* margin: 0 -15px; */
}

/* RTL Column ordering */
#dv_home_main {
    order: 1;
    padding: 0 15px;
}

#dv_side_last {
    order: 2;
    padding: 0 15px;
}

/* Enhanced content spacing */
.main-content-box .row {
    margin: 0 -10px;
}

.main-content-box .col-md-4,
.main-content-box .col-md-8,
.main-content-box .col-12 {
    padding: 0 10px;
}

/* Additional RTL improvements */
.container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

/* Guard: make the outer body content centered when using Bootstrap rows directly */
.content-section,
.page-content-wrapper .container,
.nav-container .container {
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-left: auto;
}

/* Language switcher button styling */
.language-switcher {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    border: none;
    color: white;
    padding: 5px 10px;
    border-radius: 15px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.language-switcher:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* RSS button styling */
.rss-button {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    border: none;
    color: white;
    padding: 5px 10px;
    border-radius: 15px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.rss-button:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Journal Section - RTL */
.journal-section {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

/* ===== Extracted RTL component styles from PHP (search_form.php, search_box.php, news.php) ===== */

/* Advanced Search Page - RTL */
.search-page-container {
    max-width: 1400px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    gap: 24px;
    direction: rtl;
}

.search-page-container>div {
    display: flex;
    gap: 25px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    direction: rtl;
}

.search-sidebar {
    flex: 0 0 280px;
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    overflow: hidden;
    order: 2;
}

.archive-header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 16px 20px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 8px;
    text-align: right;
}

.archive-body {
    padding: 16px;
}

.archive-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 12px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #475569;
    text-align: right;
}

.archive-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.archive-item-left {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    order: 2;
}

.archive-item-right {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    order: 1;
}

.archive-item .icon {
    color: #667eea;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.archive-item .label {
    background: #f1f5f9;
    color: #64748b;
    padding: 2px 8px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.search-main-content {
    flex: 1;
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 16px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    overflow: hidden;
    order: 1;
    border: 1px solid rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1);
    position: relative;
}

.search-main-content::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
}

.form-header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 25px 35px;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 12px;
    text-align: right;
    position: relative;
}

.form-header::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.search-content-wrapper {
    padding: 35px;
    direction: rtl;
    background: #fafbfc;
}

.form-group {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    text-align: right;
}

.form-label {
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #374151;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
    display: block;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    text-align: right;
}

.form-control {
    border: 1px solid #d1d5db;
    border-radius: 8px;
    height: 44px;
    padding: 0 12px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    background: #fff;
    width: 100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.form-control:focus {
    border-color: #667eea;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1);
    outline: none;
}

.form-control::placeholder {
    text-align: right;
}

.keyword-section {
    margin-bottom: 32px;
}

.keyword-row {
    display: grid;
    gap: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    align-items: end;
}

.keyword-row.first-row {
    grid-template-columns: 2fr 2fr;
}

.keyword-row.subsequent-row {
    grid-template-columns: 140px 2fr 2fr;
}

.document-type-section {
    margin-bottom: 32px;
    padding-top: 24px;
    border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
}

.select2-container--default .select2-selection--multiple {
    border: 1px solid #d1d5db;
    border-radius: 8px;
    min-height: 100px;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    background: #fff;
}

.select2-selection__choice {
    background-color: #f1f5f9 !important;
    border: 1px solid #d1d5db !important;
    color: #374151 !important;
    border-radius: 6px !important;
    padding: 4px 8px !important;
    font-size: 0.85rem !important;
}

.final-section {
    padding-top: 24px;
    border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
}

.final-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 160px 2fr 2fr 160px 115px;
    gap: 15px;
    align-items: end;
}

.date-inputs {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 0.7fr 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 3px;
}

.adv-search-button {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    border: none;
    color: white;
    height: 44px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    width: 100%;
}

.adv-search-button:hover {
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .search-page-container>div {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .search-sidebar {
        flex: none;
        width: 100%;
        order: 1;
    }

    .search-main-content {
        order: 2;
    }

    .final-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 15px;
    }

    .keyword-row.subsequent-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .date-inputs {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .search-page-container {
        padding: 16px;
        gap: 16px;
    }

    .search-content-wrapper {
        padding: 24px 20px;
    }

    .keyword-row.first-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .final-row {
        gap: 20px;
    }

    .form-header {
        padding: 15px 20px;
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .archive-header {
        padding: 12px 15px;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
}

/* Sidebar Search Box - RTL */
.search-container {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 16px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    padding: 30px;
    margin-bottom: 35px;
    text-align: right;
    border: 1px solid rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.search-container::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 4px;
    /* background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%); */
}

.search-title {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 15px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #f1f5f9;
    padding-bottom: 20px;
    position: relative;
}

.search-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -2px;
    right: 0;
    width: 60px;
    height: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
}

.sticker-icon {
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: white;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.sticker-icon:hover {
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.search-form-side {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.searchBox {
    width: 100%;
}

.search-input-group {
    display: flex;
    border-radius: 25px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.search-input-group:focus-within {
    border-color: #667eea;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1);
}

.search-input-side {
    flex: 1;
    border: none;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 12px 20px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    outline: none;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.search-input-side::placeholder {
    color: #6c757d;
    text-align: right;
}

.search-btn-side {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    border: none;
    color: white;
    padding: 12px 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 50px;
}

.search-btn-side:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6fd8 0%, #6a4190 100%);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.search-advanced {
    text-align: center;
}

.search-advanced-link {
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1);
}

.search-advanced-link:hover {
    color: #5a6fd8;
    background: rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
    text-decoration: none;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .search-container {
        padding: 20px;
    }

    .search-title {
        font-size: 1.1rem;
        gap: 10px;
    }

    .sticker-icon {
        width: 40px;
        height: 40px;
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .search-input-side {
        padding: 10px 15px;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
    }

    .search-btn-side {
        padding: 10px 15px;
        min-width: 45px;
    }
}

/* News Widget - RTL */
.news-widget {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 16px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 35px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1);
    position: relative;
}

.news-widget::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
}

.news-header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 25px;
    text-align: right;
    position: relative;
}

.news-header::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.news-title {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}

.news-content {
    padding: 20px;
}

.news-item {
    padding: 15px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
    text-align: right;
}

.news-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.news-item-header {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
}

.news-item-title {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.news-link {
    color: #2c3e50;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.news-link:hover {
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.news-date {
    color: #6c757d;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 5px;
}

.no-news {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 40px 20px;
    color: #6c757d;
}

.no-news i {
    font-size: 3rem;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    opacity: 0.5;
}

.no-news p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .news-header {
        padding: 15px;
    }

    .news-content {
        padding: 15px;
    }

    .news-item {
        padding: 12px 0;
    }
}

.journal-description {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    padding: 25px;
    text-align: right;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

/* Articles Section - RTL */
.articles-section {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.section-header {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    text-align: right;
}

.section-title {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    /* justify-content: flex-end; */
    gap: 15px;
}

.sticker-icon {
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: white;
}

/* Custom Tabs - RTL */
.custom-tabs-container {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    padding: 25px;
}

.custom-tabs {
    direction: rtl;
}

.custom-tab-buttons {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
}

.custom-tab-button {
    padding: 12px 24px;
    border-radius: 25px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    white-space: nowrap;
    border: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}

.custom-tab-button.active {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    border: none;
}

.custom-tab-button:not(.active) {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    color: #495057;
    border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
}

.custom-tab-button:hover:not(.active) {
    background: #e9ecef;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.custom-tab-content {
    display: none;
    direction: rtl;
}

.custom-tab-content.active {
    display: block;
}

/* Collection Header - RTL */
.collection-header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #e9ecef 100%);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 20px;
    border-right: 4px solid #667eea;
    border-left: none;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    text-align: right;
}

.collection-header h3 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.collection-stats {
    display: flex;
    gap: 15px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

/* Article Items - RTL */
.article-item {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 25px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-align: right;
    border: 1px solid rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.article-item::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    width: 4px;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.article-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 40px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.15);
    border-color: rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
}

.article-item:hover::before {
    opacity: 1;
}

.article-header {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.article-title {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.article-title a {
    color: #2c3e50;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.4;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.article-title a:hover {
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.article-authors {
    color: #6c757d;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 5px;
}

.article-meta {
    color: #6c757d;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 15px;
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

.article-excerpt {
    color: #6c757d;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    background: white;
    padding: 15px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    border-right: 3px solid #667eea;
    border-left: none;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    text-align: justify;
}

/* Graphical Abstract - RTL */
.graphical-abstract-section {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 20px;
    border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    text-align: center;
}

.graphical-abstract-header {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    text-align: right;
}

.graphical-abstract-header h6 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    font-weight: 600;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.graphical-abstract-caption {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-style: italic;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: #6c757d;
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.graphical-abstract-actions {
    margin-top: 15px;
    text-align: center;
    display: flex;
    gap: 10px;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Article Keywords - RTL */
.article-keywords {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    text-align: right;
}

.article-keywords small {
    color: #6c757d;
    margin-left: 10px;
}

.article-keywords .badge {
    background: #e9ecef;
    color: #495057;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    display: inline-block;
}

/* Article Links - RTL */
.article-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.article-links .btn {
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border-radius: 15px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
}

.article-links .btn:first-child {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    border: none;
}

.article-links .btn:not(:first-child) {
    background: white;
    border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
    color: #495057;
}

.article-links .btn:hover {
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.article-links .btn:first-child:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
}

.article-links .btn:not(:first-child):hover {
    background: #e9ecef;
}

/* Journal Archive Section - RTL */
.journal-archive-section {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.archive-container {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    padding: 25px;
}

.jwip-issues-grid-container {
    position: relative;
    direction: rtl;
}

.jwip-issues-grid-container::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    right: 50%;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 1px;
    background: #e5e7eb;
    transform: translateX(50%);
}

.jwip-recent-issue-display-item {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    position: relative;
}

.jwip-recent-issue-display-item:nth-child(odd) {
    border-left: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    padding-left: 2rem;
    padding-right: 0;
}

.jwip-recent-issue-display-item:nth-child(even) {
    padding-right: 2rem;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.jwip-recent-issue-display-item:nth-last-child(-n+2) {
    border-bottom: none;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.jwip-page-section-primary-heading {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
}

/* Move the archive title text to the right */
.jwip-page-section-primary-heading>*:not(.jwip-heading-icon) {
    order: 1;
}

.jwip-page-section-primary-heading .jwip-heading-icon {
    order: 2;
}

.jwip-heading-icon {
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    border-radius: 10px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: white;
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: bold;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(138, 180, 248, 0.3);
    border: 2px solid white;
    order: 2;
}

.jwip-academic-journal-cover-container {
    width: 90px;
    height: 110px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    border-radius: 8px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 15px;
    color: white;
    font-size: 10px;
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(107, 70, 193, 0.15);
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
    margin-left: 15px;
    margin-right: 0;
}

.jwip-academic-journal-cover-container:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(107, 70, 193, 0.2);
}

.jwip-academic-journal-cover-container::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 10px;
    left: 10px;
    width: 30px;
    height: 20px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    border-radius: 3px;
    transform: rotate(15deg);
}

.jwip-journal-publication-title-text {
    font-weight: bold;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    text-align: center;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    font-feature-settings: "lnum" 1, "pnum" 1;
    unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
    direction: ltr;
}

.jwip-academic-publisher-brand-label {
    font-size: 8px;
    margin-top: auto;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-align: center;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
}

.jwip-issue-metadata-content-wrapper h5 {
    color: #2563eb;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    font-feature-settings: "lnum" 1, "pnum" 1;
    unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
    direction: ltr;
}

.jwip-issue-metadata-content-wrapper p {
    margin: 4px 0;
    color: #6b7280;
    font-size: 14px;
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
}

.issue_dv {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.issue_dv a {
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    direction: rtl;
}

.issue_dv a:hover {
    color: #5a6fd8;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.issue_dv small {
    color: #6c757d;
    display: block;
    margin-top: 5px;
    text-align: right;
}

/* Journal Archive Section - RTL Responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .jwip-issues-grid-container::before {
        display: none;
    }

    .jwip-recent-issue-display-item:nth-child(odd) {
        border-left: none;
        padding-left: 0;
    }

    .jwip-recent-issue-display-item:nth-child(even) {
        padding-right: 0;
    }

    .jwip-recent-issue-display-item {
        border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    }

    .jwip-recent-issue-display-item:last-child {
        border-bottom: none;
    }

    .jwip-page-section-primary-heading {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .jwip-heading-icon {
        order: 1;
    }

    .jwip-academic-journal-cover-container {
        margin-left: 0;
        margin-right: 15px;
    }

    .jwip-academic-journal-cover-container::after {
        left: auto;
        right: 10px;
        transform: rotate(-15deg);
    }
}

/* Sidebar - RTL */
.sidebar {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    padding: 25px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.sidebar h4 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    text-align: right;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #667eea;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
}

/* RTL Sidebar positioning */
#dv_side_last {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

#dv_side_last .panel {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

#dv_side_last .panel-heading {
    text-align: right;
}

#dv_side_last .panel-body {
    text-align: right;
}

/* RTL Widget styling */
.widget {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
    margin-bottom: 35px;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 16px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    padding: 25px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.widget::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
}

.widget-title {
    text-align: right;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 15px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #f1f5f9;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    position: relative;
}

.widget-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -2px;
    right: 0;
    width: 50px;
    height: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
}

.widget-content {
    text-align: right;
}

/* Enhanced panel styling for RTL */
.panel {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 16px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    border: 1px solid rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1);
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.panel-heading {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 20px 25px;
    border: none;
    text-align: right;
}

.panel-title {
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin: 0;
    text-align: right;
}

.panel-body {
    padding: 25px;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

/* Publication Information RTL */
.publication-info {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.publication-info .info-item {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    text-align: right;
}

.publication-info .info-label {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
    text-align: right;
}

.publication-info .info-value {
    color: #667eea;
    text-align: right;
}

/* Indexing Information RTL */
.indexing-info {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.indexing-info .index-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    text-align: right;
}

.indexing-info .index-icon {
    margin-left: 8px;
    margin-right: 0;
    color: #667eea;
}

/* Ads Container RTL */
.ads-container {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: center;
}

.ads-container .ad-item {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    text-align: center;
}

/* Related Journals RTL */
.related-journals {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.related-journals .journal-item {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    text-align: right;
}

.related-journals .journal-link {
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    padding: 8px 0;
    text-align: right;
}

.related-journals .journal-link:hover {
    color: #5a6fd8;
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Keywords Cloud RTL */
.keywords-cloud {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.keywords-cloud .keyword-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    color: #667eea;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    margin: 2px 4px 2px 0;
    border-radius: 12px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.keywords-cloud .keyword-tag:hover {
    background: #667eea;
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Footer - RTL (based on new-style.css) */
.footer {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2c3e50 0%, #1a1a2e 100%);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 4rem 0 2rem;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-top: auto;
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
    font-feature-settings: "liga" 1, "kern" 1;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease-out;
}

@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(30px);
    }

    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

.footer::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #667eea 0%, #f093fb 50%, #f5576c 100%);
}

/* scope container to footer to avoid global override */
.footer .container {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1400px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    direction: rtl;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Footer Content Layout */
.footer-content {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.footer-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 2.5fr 2fr 1.8fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    direction: rtl;
    width: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.footer-column {
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
    padding: 0.5rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    word-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    min-width: 0; /* Allow grid items to shrink below content size */
}

/* Specific column improvements */
.footer-column:nth-child(1) {
    /* Explore Journal - slightly wider */
    min-width: 200px;
}

.footer-column:nth-child(2) {
    /* Latest News - much wider for long Arabic text */
    min-width: 300px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.footer-column:nth-child(3) {
    /* Newsletter - medium width */
    min-width: 250px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.footer-column:nth-child(4) {
    /* Journal Info - wider for better icon alignment */
    min-width: 220px;
}

/* Ensure news items wrap properly */
.footer-column:nth-child(2) .footer-nav li {
    overflow: hidden;
    word-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

.footer-column:nth-child(2) .footer-link {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    word-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    hyphens: auto;
}

/* Footer Headings */
.footer-heading {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #fff;
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.footer-heading::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    right: 0;
    /* RTL */
    left: auto;
    width: 50px;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #667eea 0%, #f093fb 100%);
    border-radius: 3px;
}

/* Footer Navigation Lists */
.footer-nav {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    direction: rtl;
}

.footer-nav li {
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
    position: relative;
    padding-right: 15px;
    padding-left: 0;
    text-align: right;
}

.footer-nav li::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    /* RTL mirror */
    left: auto;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    background: #667eea;
    border-radius: 50%;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.footer-nav li:hover::before {
    background: #f093fb;
    transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.3);
}

.footer-link {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    font-size: 1rem;
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 2px 0;
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.6;
    word-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.footer-link:hover {
    color: #fff;
    transform: translateX(-5px);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-text {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
}

/* Newsletter Form - RTL */
.newsletter-form {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.newsletter-input-group {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    direction: rtl;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    min-width: 0;
}

.newsletter-input {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    color: #fff;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.newsletter-input:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: #667eea;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
}

.newsletter-input::placeholder {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    text-align: right;
}

.newsletter-button {
    padding: 0.85rem 1.5rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 8px;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
    white-space: nowrap;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.newsletter-button:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6fd8 0%, #6a4190 100%);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
}

/* Social Links - RTL */
.social-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.85rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    direction: rtl;
}

.social-icon {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 2.75rem;
    height: 2.75rem;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    color: #fff;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.social-icon:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #fff;
}

.social-icon i {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

/* Journal Info - Simple styling like first column */
.journal-info {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* Nuclear option - override all inline styles */
.journal-info *[style*="float"] {
    float: none !important;
    display: block !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    position: static !important;
    clear: both !important;
}

/* Override inline float styles with maximum specificity */
.journal-info p[style*="float: left"],
.journal-info p[style*="float:right"],
.journal-info p[style*="float: right"] {
    float: none !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    height: auto !important;
    clear: none !important;
    display: block !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    position: static !important;
}

.journal-info p:last-of-type {
    display: none !important;
    /* Hide the clear div */
}

/* Force proper layout for contact info */
.journal-info p:first-of-type {
    display: block !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    float: none !important;
    position: static !important;
}

/* Force proper layout for image */
.journal-info p:nth-of-type(2) {
    display: block !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    float: none !important;
    text-align: right;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    position: static !important;
}

/* Simple contact links - like first column */
.journal-info a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    font-size: 1rem;
    padding: 2px 0;
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
}

.journal-info a:hover {
    color: #fff;
    text-decoration: none;
    transform: translateX(-5px);
}

.journal-info a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.journal-info a .fa,
.journal-info a .fab,
.journal-info a .far {
    display: inline;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1rem;
    order: 2;
}

.journal-info a span:not(.fa):not(.fab):not(.far) {
    order: 1;
}

/* Simple image styling */
.journal-info img {
    max-width: 200px !important;
    height: auto;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    align-self: flex-end;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

/* Footer Bottom - RTL */
.footer-bottom {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    padding-top: 2rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    direction: rtl;
}

.journal-branding {
    text-align: right;
}

.journal-title {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #fff;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #f093fb 50%, #f5576c 100%);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.copyright {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    text-align: left;
    direction: ltr;
}

/* Scroll to Top Button - RTL */
.scroll-top-btn {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 30px;
    left: 30px;
    right: auto;
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 50%;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    z-index: 1000;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.scroll-top-btn.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
}

.scroll-top-btn:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
}

/* Cookie Notice - RTL */
.cookie-notice {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    background: #2c3e50;
    color: white;
    padding: 15px 20px;
    text-align: center;
    z-index: 1000;
    transform: translateY(100%);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    direction: rtl;
}

.cookie-notice.show {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.cookie-content {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 15px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    direction: rtl;
}

.cookie-content p {
    margin: 0;
    text-align: right;
}

.cookie-btn {
    background: #667eea;
    color: white;
    border: none;
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.cookie-btn:hover {
    background: #5a6fd8;
}

/* Responsive Footer - RTL */
@media (max-width: 1400px) {
    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1.3fr 2.2fr 1.8fr 1.5fr;
        gap: 2.5rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .footer .container {
        padding: 0 15px;
    }
    
    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 2fr 1.5fr 1.3fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }
    
    .footer-column {
        padding: 0.5rem 0.25rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1150px) {
    .footer .container {
        padding: 0 15px;
    }
    
    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1.9fr 1.5fr 1.2fr;
        gap: 1.75rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1.8fr 1.4fr 1.2fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .footer-column {
        padding: 0.5rem 0.25rem;
    }
    
    /* Override min-width constraints to allow proper shrinking */
    .footer-column:nth-child(1) {
        min-width: 0;
    }
    
    .footer-column:nth-child(2) {
        /* Latest News - ensure proper wrapping */
        min-width: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    
    .footer-column:nth-child(3) {
        /* Newsletter - ensure proper wrapping */
        min-width: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    
    .footer-column:nth-child(4) {
        min-width: 0;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: 2rem;
    }
    
    .footer-column {
        padding: 0.5rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .footer {
        padding: 3rem 0 1.5rem;
    }

    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .footer-column {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .footer-heading {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .footer-heading::after {
        right: 50%;
        left: auto;
        transform: translateX(50%);
    }

    .footer-nav {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .footer-nav li {
        text-align: center;
        padding-right: 0;
    }

    .footer-nav li::before {
        display: none;
    }

    .newsletter-input-group {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
    }

    .newsletter-input {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .newsletter-button {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .social-links {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .footer-bottom {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
        gap: 1rem;
    }

    .journal-branding {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .journal-title {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .copyright {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .scroll-top-btn {
        left: 15px;
        right: auto;
        bottom: 15px;
    }

    .cookie-content {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }

    /* Fix Journal Info on mobile */
    .journal-info a {
        text-align: center;
        margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }

    .journal-info img {
        max-width: 150px !important;
        margin-top: 0.5rem;
        align-self: center;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .footer {
        padding: 2rem 0 1rem;
    }

    .footer-heading {
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }

    .newsletter-input {
        padding: 0.75rem;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }

    .newsletter-button {
        padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }

    .social-icon {
        width: 2.5rem;
        height: 2.5rem;
    }

    .social-icon i {
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }

    .journal-title {
        font-size: 1.4rem;
    }
}

/* Additional RTL improvements for Arabic text */
.footer-nav li {
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
    position: relative;
    padding-right: 15px;
    padding-left: 0;
    text-align: right;
    word-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.footer-link {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 2px 0;
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.6;
    word-spacing: 0.05em;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    word-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    hyphens: auto;
}

/* Improve Arabic text rendering in newsletter */
.newsletter-input::placeholder {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* Better spacing for Arabic text in footer text */
.footer-text {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    word-spacing: 0.1em;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* Publication (RTL) extracted from new-style.css and mirrored */
.publication-container {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.15);
    padding: 20px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    max-width: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.publication-container:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
}

.publication-title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e9ecef;
    padding: 0 0 10px 0;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
}

.publication-title .sticker-icon {
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #4facfe 0%, #00f2fe 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-left: 10px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(79, 172, 254, 0.3);
}

.publication-title .sticker-icon i {
    color: white;
    font-size: 12px;
}

.publication-body {
    padding: 0;
    text-align: right;
}

.publication-field {
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    padding: 12px;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.publication-field:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.publication-field-title {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #495057;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.publication-field-title .field-icon {
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #a8edea 0%, #fed6e3 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-left: 8px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.publication-field-title .field-icon::before {
    content: '';
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    background: rgba(108, 117, 125, 0.8);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

.publication-field-content {
    margin-right: 26px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    text-align: right;
}

.publication-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    gap: 12px;
    min-height: 32px;
    padding: 10px 12px;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.publication-row:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.publication-row-label {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #495057;
    min-width: 100px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.publication-row-label .field-icon {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #a8edea 0%, #fed6e3 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-left: 8px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.publication-row-value {
    flex: 1;
    color: #212529;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    min-width: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.publication-badge {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-block;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    white-space: nowrap;
    max-width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.publication-badge:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6fd8 0%, #6a4190 100%);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: white;
}

.publication-link {
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 2px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.publication-link:hover {
    border-bottom-color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #5a6fd8;
}

.publication-members {
    margin-right: 26px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.publication-member {
    display: inline-block;
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    margin: 2px 0 2px 4px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    background: rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.05);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.publication-member:hover {
    background: rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1);
    color: #5a6fd8;
    text-decoration: none;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
}

/* ===== PUBLICATION INFORMATION & ADVERTISEMENTS RTL STYLES ===== */

/* Publication Information Container - RTL */
.publication-container {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.15);
    padding: 20px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    max-width: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
    border-top: 4px solid #667eea;
}

.publication-container:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
}

.publication-title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e9ecef;
    padding: 0 0 12px 0;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.publication-title-text {
    order: 1;
    display: inline-block !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
}

.publication-title .sticker-icon {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #4facfe 0%, #00f2fe 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-left: 12px;
    margin-right: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(79, 172, 254, 0.3);
    order: 2;
}

.publication-title .sticker-icon i {
    color: white;
    font-size: 14px;
}

.publication-body {
    padding: 0;
    text-align: right;
}

.publication-field {
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    padding: 12px;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.publication-field:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.publication-field-title {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #495057;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    text-align: right;
}

.publication-field-title .field-icon {
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    background: #667eea;
    border-radius: 50%;
    margin-left: 8px;
    margin-right: 0;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    order: 2;
}

.publication-field-content {
    margin-right: 14px;
    margin-left: 0;
    text-align: right;
    line-height: 1.5;
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
}

.publication-divider {
    border: none;
    height: 1px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, #e9ecef 20%, #e9ecef 80%, transparent 100%);
    margin: 20px 0;
}

.publication-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    gap: 12px;
    min-height: 32px;
    padding: 10px 12px;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.publication-row:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.publication-row-label {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #495057;
    min-width: 100px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
}

.publication-row-label .field-icon {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #a8edea 0%, #fed6e3 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-left: 8px;
    margin-right: 0;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.publication-row-label .field-icon::before {
    content: '';
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    background: rgba(108, 117, 125, 0.8);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

.publication-row-value {
    flex: 1;
    color: #212529;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    min-width: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
}

.publication-badge {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-block;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    white-space: nowrap;
    max-width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.publication-badge:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6fd8 0%, #6a4190 100%);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: white;
}

.publication-link {
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 2px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.publication-link:hover {
    border-bottom-color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #5a6fd8;
}

.publication-members {
    margin-right: 26px;
    margin-left: 0;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.publication-member {
    display: inline-block;
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    margin: 2px 0 2px 4px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    background: rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.05);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.publication-member:hover {
    background: rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1);
    color: #5a6fd8;
    text-decoration: none;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
}

/* Advertisements Container - RTL */
.ads-container {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.15);
    padding: 25px;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.ads-container:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
}

.ads-title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e9ecef;
    padding: 0 0 12px 0;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
}

.ads-title .sticker-icon {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #4facfe 0%, #00f2fe 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-left: 12px;
    margin-right: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(79, 172, 254, 0.3);
}

.ads-title .sticker-icon i {
    color: white;
    font-size: 14px;
}

.ads-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
}

.ads-item {
    border-radius: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.ads-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.ads-image-wrapper {
    height: 160px;
    width: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: #f8f9fa;
}

.ads-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center;
}

.ads-content {
    padding: 15px;
    background: white;
}

.ads-content-title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    text-align: right;
}

.ads-content-note {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #6c757d;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    text-align: right;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.ads-link {
    display: inline-block;
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 6px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
}

.ads-link:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6fd8 0%, #6a4190 100%);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
}

.text-ads-item {
    padding: 20px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f5f7fa 0%, #e4e8eb 100%);
    border-radius: 10px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 270px;
}

.text-ads-item:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #eef2f7 0%, #d7dde3 100%);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.text-ads-title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arial', sans-serif;
}

.text-ads-link {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 8px 20px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.text-ads-link:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6fd8 0%, #6a4190 100%);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: white;
}

/* Responsive Design for Publication & Ads */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .publication-container {
        padding: 16px;
    }

    .publication-row {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 6px;
        align-items: flex-start;
        padding: 8px 10px;
    }

    .publication-row-label {
        min-width: 100%;
        margin-bottom: 4px;
        font-size: 0.8rem;
    }

    .publication-row-value {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: flex-start;
    }

    .publication-badge {
        font-size: 0.75rem;
        padding: 5px 10px;
        max-width: 120px;
    }

    .publication-title {
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }

    .publication-field {
        padding: 10px;
        margin-bottom: 12px;
    }

    .publication-field-content {
        margin-right: 22px;
    }

    .publication-members {
        margin-right: 22px;
    }

    .ads-container {
        padding: 20px;
    }

    .ads-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    }

    .ads-image-wrapper {
        height: 120px;
    }

    .text-ads-item {
        min-height: 230px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .publication-container {
        padding: 12px;
    }

    .publication-field,
    .publication-row {
        padding: 8px;
    }

    .publication-badge {
        font-size: 0.7rem;
        padding: 4px 8px;
        max-width: 100px;
    }

    .publication-title {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
    }

    .publication-row-label {
        font-size: 0.75rem;
    }

    .publication-field-content {
        margin-right: 20px;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
    }

    .publication-members {
        margin-right: 20px;
    }

    .publication-member {
        font-size: 0.75rem;
        padding: 3px 6px;
    }

    .ads-container {
        padding: 18px;
    }

    .ads-title {
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }

    .ads-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 15px;
    }

    .ads-image-wrapper {
        height: 180px;
    }

    .text-ads-item {
        min-height: auto;
    }
}

/* Scroll to Top Button - RTL */
.scroll-top-btn {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 30px;
    left: 30px;
    right: auto;
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 50%;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    z-index: 1000;
}

.scroll-top-btn.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
}

.scroll-top-btn:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
}

/* Cookie Notice - RTL */
.cookie-notice {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    background: #2c3e50;
    color: white;
    padding: 15px 20px;
    text-align: center;
    z-index: 1000;
    transform: translateY(100%);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.cookie-notice.show {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.cookie-content {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 15px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.cookie-btn {
    background: #667eea;
    color: white;
    border: none;
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.cookie-btn:hover {
    background: #5a6fd8;
}

/* Badges - RTL */
.badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1;
    text-align: center;
    white-space: nowrap;
    vertical-align: baseline;
    border-radius: 12px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

/* Responsive Design - RTL */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .header-content {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 15px;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .search-form {
        min-width: 100%;
        max-width: 400px;
    }

    .nav-list {
        flex-direction: column;
        width: 100%;
        background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        right: 0;
        left: 0;
        padding: 20px;
        display: none;
    }

    .nav-list.active {
        display: flex;
    }

    .nav-item {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .nav-link {
        padding: 15px 0;
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    }

    .dropdown-menu {
        position: static;
        background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
        box-shadow: none;
        border: none;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
    }

    .dropdown-item {
        color: #bdc3c7;
        padding: 10px 0;
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    }

    .mobile-menu-toggle {
        display: block;
    }

    .utility-nav {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 10px;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .custom-tab-buttons {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .article-links {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .footer-column {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .footer-bottom {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .copyright {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .scroll-top-btn {
        left: 15px;
        right: auto;
        bottom: 15px;
    }

    .cookie-content {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .main-content-box {
        padding: 20px;
    }

    .custom-tabs-container {
        padding: 20px;
    }

    .article-item {
        padding: 15px;
    }

    .article-links .btn {
        font-size: 0.75rem;
        padding: 6px 12px;
    }

    .footer {
        padding: 30px 0 15px;
    }

    .social-links {
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

/* Additional RTL-specific fixes */
.text-left {
    text-align: right !important;
}

.text-right {
    text-align: left !important;
}

.float-left {
    float: right !important;
}

.float-right {
    float: left !important;
}

.ml-auto {
    margin-right: auto !important;
    margin-left: 0 !important;
}

.mr-auto {
    margin-left: auto !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.pl-0 {
    padding-right: 0 !important;
    padding-left: initial !important;
}

.pr-0 {
    padding-left: 0 !important;
    padding-right: initial !important;
}

.ml-0 {
    margin-right: 0 !important;
    margin-left: initial !important;
}

.mr-0 {
    margin-left: 0 !important;
    margin-right: initial !important;
}

/* Bootstrap RTL overrides */
.row {
    margin-right: -15px;
    margin-left: -15px;
}

.col-1,
.col-2,
.col-3,
.col-4,
.col-5,
.col-6,
.col-7,
.col-8,
.col-9,
.col-10,
.col-11,
.col-12,
.col-sm-1,
.col-sm-2,
.col-sm-3,
.col-sm-4,
.col-sm-5,
.col-sm-6,
.col-sm-7,
.col-sm-8,
.col-sm-9,
.col-sm-10,
.col-sm-11,
.col-sm-12,
.col-md-1,
.col-md-2,
.col-md-3,
.col-md-4,
.col-md-5,
.col-md-6,
.col-md-7,
.col-md-8,
.col-md-9,
.col-md-10,
.col-md-11,
.col-md-12,
.col-lg-1,
.col-lg-2,
.col-lg-3,
.col-lg-4,
.col-lg-5,
.col-lg-6,
.col-lg-7,
.col-lg-8,
.col-lg-9,
.col-lg-10,
.col-lg-11,
.col-lg-12 {
    padding-right: 15px;
    padding-left: 15px;
}

/* Form elements RTL */
.form-control {
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.form-control::placeholder {
    text-align: right;
}

/* Button groups RTL */
.btn-group>.btn:not(:first-child):not(:last-child) {
    border-radius: 0;
}

.btn-group>.btn:first-child:not(:last-child) {
    border-top-left-radius: 0;
    border-top-right-radius: 0.375rem;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 0.375rem;
}

.btn-group>.btn:last-child:not(:first-child) {
    border-top-left-radius: 0.375rem;
    border-top-right-radius: 0;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 0.375rem;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
}

/* Input groups RTL */
.input-group>.form-control:not(:first-child):not(:last-child) {
    border-radius: 0;
}

.input-group>.form-control:first-child {
    border-top-left-radius: 0;
    border-top-right-radius: 0.375rem;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 0.375rem;
}

.input-group>.form-control:last-child {
    border-top-left-radius: 0.375rem;
    border-top-right-radius: 0;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 0.375rem;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
}

/* Modal RTL */
.modal-header .btn-close {
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-left: 0;
}

/* Carousel RTL */
.carousel-control-prev {
    right: 0;
    left: auto;
}

.carousel-control-next {
    left: 0;
    right: auto;
}

.carousel-indicators {
    right: 50%;
    left: 0;
    margin-right: -30%;
    margin-left: 0;
}

.carousel-caption {
    text-align: right;
    right: 20px;
    left: auto;
}

/* Journal Carousel RTL */
.journal-carousel {
    direction: rtl;
    margin-top: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    max-width: 1385px;
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-left: auto;
    border-radius: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
    /* ensure rounded corners clip slides */
}

.journal-carousel .carousel-inner {
    direction: rtl;
    border-radius: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.journal-carousel .carousel-caption h5 {
    text-align: right;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: white;
    text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
}

.journal-carousel .carousel-caption h5 a {
    color: white !important;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.journal-carousel .carousel-caption h5 a:hover {
    color: #f8f9fa !important;
    text-shadow: 2px 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* Also style specific ID if used */
#journalCarousel {
    max-width: 1330px;
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-left: auto;
    border-radius: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

#journalCarousel .carousel-inner,
#journalCarousel .carousel-item img {
    border-radius: 12px;
}

/* Fixed constant width and height for carousel images */
#journalCarousel .carousel-item img {
    width: 1330px;
    height: 500px;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: block;
}

/* Center indicators precisely for this carousel */
#journalCarousel .carousel-indicators {
    right: 50%;
    left: auto;
    transform: translateX(50%);
    margin-right: 0;
    bottom: 20px;
}

/* Improve arrow controls */
.journal-carousel .carousel-control-prev,
.journal-carousel .carousel-control-next {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
    border-radius: 50%;
    opacity: 0.95;
}

.journal-carousel .carousel-control-prev {
    right: 15px;
    left: auto;
}

.journal-carousel .carousel-control-next {
    left: 15px;
    right: auto;
}

.journal-carousel .carousel-control-prev:hover,
.journal-carousel .carousel-control-next:hover {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

/* Beautiful Search Box Styles */
.search-container {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.15);
    padding: 25px;
    margin: 1.5rem auto;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    max-width: 800px;
    direction: rtl;
    border-top: 4px solid #667eea;
}

.search-container:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
}

.search-title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e9ecef;
    padding: 0 0 12px 0;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.search-title .sticker-icon {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #4facfe 0%, #00f2fe 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-right: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(79, 172, 254, 0.3);
    order: 2;
}

.search-title .sticker-icon i {
    color: white;
    font-size: 14px;
}

/* Ensure search title text is visible */
.search-title {
    visibility: visible !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    display: flex !important;
}

.search-title-text {
    display: inline-block !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    color: #2c3e50 !important;
    font-size: 1.2rem !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
    order: 1;
}

.search-form-side {
    padding: 0;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.search-input-group {
    display: flex;
    border-radius: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 1px solid rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
    width: 100%;
    direction: rtl;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.search-input-group:focus-within {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.25);
    border-color: rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.search-input-side {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 14px 20px;
    border: none;
    font-size: 1rem;
    background: white;
    outline: none;
    color: #495057;
    min-width: 0;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.search-input-side::placeholder {
    color: #adb5bd;
    opacity: 1;
}

.search-btn-side {
    padding: 0 25px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    border: none;
    color: white;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 60px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.search-btn-side:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6fd8 0%, #6a4190 100%);
    transform: translateY(0);
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.search-btn-side i {
    font-size: 16px;
}

.search-advanced {
    text-align: right;
    margin-top: 20px;
    padding-top: 15px;
    border-top: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
}

.search-advanced-link {
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    padding: 4px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.search-advanced-link:hover {
    border-bottom-color: #667eea;
    color: #5a6fd8;
    transform: translateX(-3px);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.search-advanced-text {
    font-weight: 500;
}

.search-advanced-icon {
    margin-right: 5px;
    margin-left: 0;
    font-size: 12px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.search-advanced-link:hover .search-advanced-icon {
    transform: translateX(-3px);
}

.searchBox {
    width: 100%;
}

.searchBox form {
    width: 100%;
}

/* Responsive Design for Search Box */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .search-container {
        padding: 20px;
        margin: 2rem auto;
    }

    .search-input-side {
        padding: 12px 16px;
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }

    .search-btn-side {
        padding: 0 20px;
        min-width: 50px;
    }

    .search-btn-side i {
        font-size: 14px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .search-container {
        padding: 18px;
    }

    .search-title {
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }

    .search-input-side {
        padding: 10px 14px;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }

    .search-btn-side {
        padding: 0 16px;
        min-width: 45px;
    }

    .search-btn-side i {
        font-size: 13px;
    }
}

/* Advertisements RTL Styles */
.ads-container {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.15);
    padding: 25px;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    direction: rtl;
    border-top: 4px solid #667eea;
}

.ads-container:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
}

.ads-title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e9ecef;
    padding: 0 0 12px 0;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.ads-title .sticker-icon {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #4facfe 0%, #00f2fe 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-right: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(79, 172, 254, 0.3);
    order: 2;
}

.ads-title .sticker-icon i {
    color: white;
    font-size: 14px;
}

.ads-title-text {
    display: inline-block !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    color: #2c3e50 !important;
    font-size: 1.2rem !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
    order: 1;
}

.ads-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
}

.ads-item {
    border-radius: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.ads-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.ads-image-wrapper {
    height: 160px;
    width: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: #f8f9fa;
}

.ads-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
}

.ads-content {
    padding: 15px;
    background: white;
}

.ads-content-title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    text-align: right;
}

.ads-content-note {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #6c757d;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    text-align: right;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.ads-link {
    display: inline-block;
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 6px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
}

.ads-link:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6fd8 0%, #6a4190 100%);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
}

.text-ads-item {
    padding: 20px;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 10px;
    text-align: right;
}

.text-ads-title {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.text-ads-link {
    display: inline-block;
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 6px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
}

.text-ads-link:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6fd8 0%, #6a4190 100%);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
}

/* Pagination RTL */
.pagination {
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.pagination .page-item:first-child .page-link {
    border-top-left-radius: 0;
    border-top-right-radius: 0.375rem;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 0.375rem;
}

.pagination .page-item:last-child .page-link {
    border-top-left-radius: 0.375rem;
    border-top-right-radius: 0;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 0.375rem;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
}

/* List RTL */
.list-unstyled {
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.list-inline {
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-left: 0;
}

/* Table RTL */
.table th,
.table td {
    text-align: right;
}

/* Alert RTL */
.alert {
    text-align: right;
}

/* Card RTL */
.card {
    text-align: right;
}

.card-header {
    text-align: right;
}

.card-footer {
    text-align: right;
}

/* Nav RTL */
.nav {
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.nav-tabs .nav-item {
    float: right;
}

.nav-pills .nav-item {
    float: right;
}

/* Breadcrumb RTL */
.breadcrumb {
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item::before {
    content: "\\";
    float: right;
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-left: 0.5rem;
}

/* Progress RTL */
.progress {
    direction: rtl;
}

/* Tooltip RTL */
.tooltip {
    text-align: right;
}

/* Popover RTL */
.popover {
    text-align: right;
}

/* Dropdown RTL */
.dropdown-menu {
    right: 0;
    left: auto;
    text-align: right;
}

.dropdown-menu-right {
    left: 0;
    right: auto;
}

.dropdown-menu-left {
    right: 0;
    left: auto;
}

/* Navbar RTL */
.navbar-brand {
    float: right;
}

.navbar-nav {
    float: right;
}

.navbar-nav .nav-item {
    float: right;
}

.navbar-toggler {
    float: left;
}

/* Utility classes RTL */
.justify-content-start {
    justify-content: flex-end !important;
}

.justify-content-end {
    justify-content: flex-start !important;
}

.text-start {
    text-align: right !important;
}

.text-end {
    text-align: left !important;
}

.border-start {
    border-right: 1px solid #dee2e6 !important;
    border-left: 0 !important;
}

.border-end {
    border-left: 1px solid #dee2e6 !important;
    border-right: 0 !important;
}

.rounded-start {
    border-top-left-radius: 0 !important;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 0 !important;
    border-top-right-radius: 0.375rem !important;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 0.375rem !important;
}

.rounded-end {
    border-top-right-radius: 0 !important;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 0 !important;
    border-top-left-radius: 0.375rem !important;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 0.375rem !important;
}

/* Additional fixes for better RTL alignment */
.me-1 {
    margin-left: 0.25rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.me-2 {
    margin-left: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.me-3 {
    margin-left: 1rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.me-4 {
    margin-left: 1.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.me-5 {
    margin-left: 3rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.ms-1 {
    margin-right: 0.25rem !important;
    margin-left: 0 !important;
}

.ms-2 {
    margin-right: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-left: 0 !important;
}

.ms-3 {
    margin-right: 1rem !important;
    margin-left: 0 !important;
}

.ms-4 {
    margin-right: 1.5rem !important;
    margin-left: 0 !important;
}

.ms-5 {
    margin-right: 3rem !important;
    margin-left: 0 !important;
}

.pe-1 {
    padding-left: 0.25rem !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
}

.pe-2 {
    padding-left: 0.5rem !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
}

.pe-3 {
    padding-left: 1rem !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
}

.pe-4 {
    padding-left: 1.5rem !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
}

.pe-5 {
    padding-left: 3rem !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
}

.ps-1 {
    padding-right: 0.25rem !important;
    padding-left: 0 !important;
}

.ps-2 {
    padding-right: 0.5rem !important;
    padding-left: 0 !important;
}

.ps-3 {
    padding-right: 1rem !important;
    padding-left: 0 !important;
}

.ps-4 {
    padding-right: 1.5rem !important;
    padding-left: 0 !important;
}

.ps-5 {
    padding-right: 3rem !important;
    padding-left: 0 !important;
}

/* News Grid Section Styles */
/* Article Section Styles */
.article-section-featured,
.article-section-grid {
    padding: 20px 0;
}

.article-link-item {
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    position: relative;
    display: block;
}

.article-link-item::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
    transition: background 0.3s ease;
    z-index: 1;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.article-link-item:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 12px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) !important;
    transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.article-link-item:hover::before {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.article-link-item:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

/* Section 2 Card Styles */
.article-card {
    cursor: pointer;
}

.article-card:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) !important;
    transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.article-card:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

/* Section 4 News Styles */
.news-item {
    cursor: pointer;
}

.news-item:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) !important;
    transform: translateX(5px);
}

.featured-news-item {
    cursor: pointer;
}

.featured-news-item:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 12px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) !important;
    transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.featured-news-item:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

/* ===================================
   LTR SUPPORT FOR ARTICLE SECTIONS
   =================================== */

/* Section Headers - LTR */
[dir="ltr"] .section-header {
    justify-content: flex-start !important;
    flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}

[dir="ltr"] .section-title {
    padding-right: 15px !important;
    padding-left: 0 !important;
}

/* Section Headers - RTL */
[dir="rtl"] .section-header {
    justify-content: flex-end !important;
    flex-direction: row !important;
}

[dir="rtl"] .section-title {
    padding-left: 15px !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
}

.section-header {
    position: relative;
}

/* ===================================
   ARTICLE PAGE STYLES WITH RTL SUPPORT
   =================================== */

/* Article Item Styles */
.article-item {
    padding: 15px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
    direction: rtl;
}

.article-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.article-type {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: #555;
    margin-left: 10px;
    margin-right: 0;
}

.open-access {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    color: #e91e63;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.article-title {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    text-align: right;
}

.article-title a {
    color: #002856;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.article-title a:hover {
    color: #667eea !important;
}

.article-authors {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.article-meta {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    color: #666;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.article-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 15px;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.article-link {
    color: #002856;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.article-list {
    display: none;
}

.article-list.active {
    display: block;
}

/* Sidebar Styles - RTL */
.sidebar {
    padding: 20px;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    direction: rtl;
}

.sidebar-section {
    margin-bottom: 25px;
}

.sidebar-heading {
    color: #002856;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    font-weight: bold;
    text-align: right;
}

.sidebar-content {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    text-align: right;
}

/* Article Card Styles - RTL */
.article-card {
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
    direction: rtl;
}

.article-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.article-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.article-checkbox {
    margin-left: 0.75rem;
    margin-right: 0;
    padding-top: 0.25rem;
}

.article-title {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin: 0;
    flex: 1;
    text-align: right;
}

.article-title a {
    color: #0066cc;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.article-title a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.article-authors {
    color: #666;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-align: right;
}

.article-graphic-abstract {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.article-graphic-abstract img {
    max-height: 200px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.article-meta {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #666;
    text-align: right;
}

.meta-item {
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
    text-align: right;
}

.article-actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.action-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.file-size {
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
    margin-left: 0;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.article-type-header {
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #eee;
    text-align: right;
}

.article-type-header h4 {
    color: #555;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin: 0;
}

.pagination-container {
    margin-top: 3rem;
}

/* Main Content Styles - RTL */
.main-content {
    padding: 20px;
    background-color: white;
    direction: rtl;
}

.main-content-box {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    direction: rtl;
}

.page-content-wrapper {
    padding: 2rem 0;
    direction: rtl;
}

.content-section {
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    padding: 2rem;
    direction: rtl;
}

/* Article Item Hover Effects */
.article-item {
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.article-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

/* Button Styles */
.btn-sm {
    padding: 5px 12px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
}

/* Responsive Design for Articles */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .sidebar-column {
        display: none;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .article-header {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .article-type {
        margin-left: 0;
        margin-bottom: 5px;
    }

    .article-actions {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
    }

    .action-btn {
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

/* ===============================================
   ARTICLE PAGE 2025 STYLES WITH RTL SUPPORT
   =============================================== */

.jrnl_artcl_mod_container_2025 {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    direction: rtl;
}

.jrnl_artcl_header_section_2025 {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.jrnl_artcl_title_main_2025 {
    color: #1f2937;
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-align: right;
}

.jrnl_artcl_info_badges_2025 {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.jrnl_artcl_badge_primary_2025 {
    background: #6366f1;
    color: white;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.jrnl_artcl_badge_success_2025 {
    background: #10b981;
    color: white;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.jrnl_artcl_badge_light_2025 {
    background: #f3f4f6;
    color: #374151;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.jrnl_artcl_section_wrapper_2025 {
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.jrnl_artcl_section_title_2025 {
    color: #1f2937;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    flex-direction: row !important;
    /* justify-content: flex-end !important; */
    text-align: right;
}

.jrnl_artcl_section_icon_2025 {
    color: #6366f1;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
    margin-right: 0;
}

.jrnl_artcl_authors_grid_2025 {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.jrnl_artcl_author_card_2025 {
    background: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.jrnl_artcl_author_card_2025:hover {
    border-color: #6366f1;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.1);
}

.jrnl_artcl_author_link_2025 {
    color: #6366f1;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.jrnl_artcl_author_link_2025:hover {
    color: #4f46e5;
}

.jrnl_artcl_affiliation_card_2025 {
    background: #f9fafb;
    border-right: 3px solid #6366f1;
    border-left: none;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 6px 0 0 6px;
    text-align: right;
}

.jrnl_artcl_doi_section_2025 {
    background: #f0f9ff;
    border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 1rem;
    margin: 1rem 0;
    text-align: right;
}

.jrnl_artcl_doi_link_2025 {
    color: #0284c7;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.jrnl_artcl_abstract_section_2025 {
    background: #fefefe;
    border: 1px solid #f3f4f6;
    border-radius: 8px;
    /* padding: 1.5rem; */
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.jrnl_artcl_abstract_title_2025 {
    color: #1f2937;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    flex-direction: row !important;
    /* justify-content: flex-end !important; */
    text-align: right;
}

.jrnl_artcl_abstract_title_2025 i {
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
    margin-right: 0;
}

.jrnl_artcl_abstract_content_2025 {
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #374151;
    text-align: right;
}

.jrnl_artcl_keywords_wrapper_2025 {
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.jrnl_artcl_keywords_grid_2025 {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.jrnl_artcl_keyword_tag_2025 {
    background: #e0e7ff;
    color: #3730a3;
    padding: 0.375rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.jrnl_artcl_keyword_tag_2025:hover {
    background: #c7d2fe;
    color: #312e81;
}

.jrnl_artcl_separator_line_2025 {
    border: none;
    height: 1px;
    background: linear-gradient(to left, transparent, #e5e7eb, transparent);
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.jrnl_artcl_collapsible_section_2025 {
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.jrnl_artcl_collapse_btn_2025 {
    background: #f8fafc;
    border: none;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
    text-align: right;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #374151;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    flex-direction: row !important;
    /* justify-content: flex-end !important; */
}

.jrnl_artcl_collapse_btn_2025:hover {
    background: #f1f5f9;
}

/* Sidebar collapse button RTL adjustments */
.jrnl_artcl_collapse_btn_2025 .jrnl_artcl_section_icon_2025 {
    order: 3;
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
    margin-right: 0;
}

.jrnl_artcl_collapse_btn_2025 strong {
    order: 2;
    flex: 1;
    text-align: right;
}

.jrnl_artcl_collapse_btn_2025 .ms-auto {
    order: 1;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
    margin-left: 0 !important;
}

.jrnl_artcl_collapse_btn_2025 .me-2 {
    margin-left: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.jrnl_artcl_collapse_content_2025 {
    padding: 1.5rem;
    background: #ffffff;
    text-align: right;
}

/* Sidebar content RTL adjustments */
.jrnl_artcl_collapse_content_2025 ul {
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.jrnl_artcl_collapse_content_2025 li {
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.jrnl_artcl_collapse_content_2025 a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.jrnl_artcl_collapse_content_2025 .me-2 {
    margin-left: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.jrnl_artcl_collapse_content_2025 .me-1 {
    margin-left: 0.25rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Statistics list RTL */
.jrnl_artcl_collapse_content_2025 .d-flex.justify-content-between {
    flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}

.jrnl_artcl_page_break_2025 {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    border-top: 2px dashed #e5e7eb;
    padding-top: 2rem;
}

.jrnl_artcl_references_item_2025 {
    padding: 0.75rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6;
    text-align: right;
}

.jrnl_artcl_references_item_2025:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.jrnl_artcl_ref_links_2025 {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.jrnl_artcl_ref_link_icon_2025 {
    color: #6b7280;
    padding: 0.25rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.jrnl_artcl_ref_link_icon_2025:hover {
    color: #6366f1;
}

.jrnl_artcl_stats_grid_2025 {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.jrnl_artcl_stat_item_2025 {
    background: #f0fdf4;
    border: 1px solid #dcfce7;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: #166534;
}

.jrnl_artcl_multilang_indicator_2025 {
    background: #fef3c7;
    color: #92400e;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
    margin-left: 0;
}

.jrnl_artcl_graphical_abstract_2025 {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
    padding: 1rem;
    background: #fafafa;
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.jrnl_artcl_ga_image_2025 {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.jrnl_artcl_ga_image_2025:hover {
    transform: scale(1.02);
}

/* Responsive adjustments for article page */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .jrnl_artcl_mod_container_2025 {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }

    .jrnl_artcl_title_main_2025 {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }

    .jrnl_artcl_info_badges_2025 {
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }

    .jrnl_artcl_authors_grid_2025 {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .jrnl_artcl_section_title_2025 {
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }

    .jrnl_artcl_collapse_btn_2025 {
        padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
}

/* ===================================
   ARTICLE LIST PAGE STYLES WITH RTL SUPPORT
   =================================== */

/* Main containers */
.page-content-wrapper {
    direction: rtl;
}

.content-section {
    direction: rtl;
}

.main-content {
    direction: rtl;
}

/* Listing header */
.listing-header {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.listing-header .d-flex {
    flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}

.listing-title {
    text-align: right;
}

.listing-subtitle {
    text-align: right;
}

.refine-search-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.refine-search-btn .me-2 {
    margin-left: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Article count section */
.article-count-section {
    direction: rtl;
}

.article-count-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.article-count-badge .me-2 {
    margin-left: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* In-press container */
.in-press-container {
    direction: rtl;
}

.in-press-container .d-flex {
    flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}

.in-press-label {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.in-press-label .me-2 {
    margin-left: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.in-press-buttons {
    flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}

.in-press-buttons .btn .me-1 {
    margin-left: 0.25rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* No results alert */
.no-results-alert {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.no-results-alert .d-flex {
    flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}

.no-results-alert .me-3 {
    margin-left: 1rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Subject panel */
.subject-panel {
    direction: rtl;
}

.subject-panel .card-title {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.subject-panel .card-title .me-2 {
    margin-left: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.subject-item {
    border-right: 4px solid #667eea !important;
    border-left: none !important;
    text-align: right;
}

.subject-item .me-2 {
    margin-left: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Issue PDF alert */
.issue-pdf-alert {
    direction: rtl;
}

.issue-pdf-alert .d-flex {
    flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}

.issue-pdf-alert .me-3 {
    margin-left: 1rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Issue note alert */
.issue-note-alert {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.issue-note-alert .alert {
    border-right: 4px solid #6c757d !important;
    border-left: none !important;
}

.issue-note-alert .me-2 {
    margin-left: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Article type header */
.article-type-header {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

.article-type-header h4 {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.article-type-header .me-2 {
    margin-left: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Article card */
.article-card {
    direction: rtl;
}

.article-card>div:first-child {
    right: 0 !important;
    left: auto !important;
}

.article-header {
    flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}

.article-checkbox {
    margin-left: 1rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.article-title {
    text-align: right;
}

.article-authors {
    text-align: right;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.article-authors .me-2 {
    margin-left: 0.5rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Article meta */
.article-meta .meta-item {
    border-right: 3px solid !important;
    border-left: none !important;
    text-align: right;
}

.article-meta .journal-title {
    border-right-color: #28a745 !important;
}

.article-meta .issue-info {
    border-right-color: #17a2b8 !important;
}

.article-meta .doi-info {
    border-right-color: #6f42c1 !important;
}

/* Article actions */
.article-actions {
    flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}

.action-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.action-btn .me-1 {
    margin-left: 0.25rem !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}

.action-btn .ms-1 {
    margin-right: 0.25rem !important;
    margin-left: 0 !important;
}

/* Pagination */
.pagination-container {
    direction: rtl;
}

.pagination {
    flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}

/* Responsive adjustments for article list */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .listing-header .d-flex {
        flex-direction: column-reverse !important;
        align-items: flex-end !important;
    }

    .article-header {
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: flex-end !important;
    }

    .article-checkbox {
        margin-left: 0 !important;
        margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }
}

/* ===================================
   ISSUE PAGE STYLES WITH RTL SUPPORT
   =================================== */

/* Issue page main container */
#generalPage.container-fluid {
    max-width: 1400px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

/* Sidebar styling for issue page */
.sidebar-column {
    padding: 0 20px;
}

/* Journal archive container */
.journal-archive-container {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
}

/* Archive content scrollbar - RTL positioned on the left */
.archive-content {
    direction: rtl;
    overflow-y: auto;
}

.archive-content::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 6px;
}

.archive-content::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: #f1f1f1;
    border-radius: 10px;
}

.archive-content::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: #667eea;
    border-radius: 10px;
}

.archive-content::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
    background: #764ba2;
}

/* Force scrollbar to left side for RTL */
html[dir="rtl"] .archive-content {
    direction: ltr;
}

html[dir="rtl"] .archive-content>* {
    direction: rtl;
}

/* Archive sidebar box */
.archive-sidebar,
.cover-sidebar {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    direction: rtl;
    width: 100%;
}

/* Archive title */
.archive-title {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: right;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

.archive-title i {
    margin-left: 10px;
    margin-right: 0;
    color: #667eea;
}

/* Issue info box */
.issue-info-box,
.issue_dv {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 25px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
    border-right: 4px solid #667eea;
    border-left: none;
}

.issue-label,
.issue_dv small {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #6c757d;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    text-align: right;
    display: block;
}

.issue-number,
.issue_dv a {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    text-align: right;
    display: block;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.issue_dv a:hover {
    color: #667eea;
}

/* Issue metadata wrapper */
.jwip-issue-metadata-content-wrapper {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

/* View issue button */
.view-issue-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    border-radius: 25px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
}

.view-issue-btn:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
    color: white;
}

.view-issue-btn i {
    margin-left: 8px;
    margin-right: 0;
}

/* Issue metadata content */
.jwip-issue-metadata-content-wrapper {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.jwip-issue-metadata-content-wrapper h5 {
    color: #2563eb;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.jwip-issue-metadata-content-wrapper p {
    margin: 4px 0;
    color: #6b7280;
    font-size: 14px;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

/* Recent issue display items */
.jwip-recent-issue-display-item {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    position: relative;
    direction: rtl;
    width: 100%;
}

.jwip-recent-issue-display-item:nth-child(odd) {
    border-left: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-right: none;
    padding-left: 2rem;
    padding-right: 0;
}

.jwip-recent-issue-display-item:nth-child(even) {
    padding-right: 2rem;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.jwip-recent-issue-display-item:nth-last-child(-n+2) {
    border-bottom: none;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* Issue content wrapper */
.jwip-recent-issue-display-item .row {
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
}

.jwip-recent-issue-display-item .col-md-6 {
    padding: 0 15px;
}

/* Issue image container */
.jwip-recent-issue-display-item img {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* Issue info section */
.jwip-recent-issue-display-item .issue-info {
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
    width: 100%;
}

/* Page section heading */
.jwip-page-section-primary-heading {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    text-align: right;
    width: 100%;
}

.jwip-heading-icon {
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    background: var(--sky-gradient);
    border-radius: 10px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: white;
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: bold;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(138, 180, 248, 0.3);
    border: 2px solid white;
    margin-left: 12px;
    margin-right: 0;
}

/* Issues grid container */
.jwip-issues-grid-container {
    position: relative;
    direction: rtl;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.jwip-issues-grid-container::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    right: 50%;
    left: auto;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 1px;
    background: #e5e7eb;
    transform: translateX(50%);
}

/* Issue PDF alert */
.issue-pdf-alert {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
    width: 100%;
}

/* Quick links */
.quick-links {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.quick-links .btn {
    background: white;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
    background-clip: padding-box;
    position: relative;
    color: #4A89DC;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    margin: 0.5rem;
}

.quick-links .btn::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -2px;
    left: -2px;
    right: -2px;
    bottom: -2px;
    background: var(--sky-gradient);
    z-index: -1;
    border-radius: 50px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.quick-links .btn:hover {
    color: white;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.quick-links .btn:hover::before {
    background: var(--sky-gradient-hover);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(138, 180, 248, 0.4);
}

/* Issue title and subtitle */
.issue-title {
    text-align: center;
    direction: rtl;
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.issue-subtitle {
    text-align: center;
    direction: rtl;
    width: 100%;
    color: #6c757d;
}

/* Issue card styling */
.issue-card {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    width: 100%;
}

/* Responsive adjustments for issue page */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    #generalPage.container-fluid {
        padding: 0 15px;
    }

    .jwip-issues-grid-container::before {
        display: none;
    }

    .jwip-recent-issue-display-item:nth-child(odd) {
        border-left: none;
        padding-left: 0;
    }

    .jwip-recent-issue-display-item:nth-child(even) {
        padding-right: 0;
    }

    .jwip-recent-issue-display-item {
        border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
        padding: 1rem 0;
    }

    .jwip-recent-issue-display-item:last-child {
        border-bottom: none;
    }

    .jwip-page-section-primary-heading {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .issue-card {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
}

/* ===================================
   RESPONSIVE HEADER & NAVIGATION STYLES
   =================================== */

/* Header improvements for RTL */
.header {
    background-color: white;
    padding: 15px 0;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.header-content {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
}

.logo {
    text-decoration: none;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    order: 2;
}

.logo-text {
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin: 0;
    color: #000;
    line-height: 1.2;
    text-align: right;
}

.header-controls {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;
    order: 1;
}

.search-form {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    direction: rtl;
}

.search-input {
    padding: 8px 15px 8px 40px;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 30px;
    font-size: 14px;
    width: 180px;
    transition: all 0.3s;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.search-input:focus {
    width: 220px;
    outline: none;
    border-color: #aaa;
}

.search-button {
    position: absolute;
    left: 15px;
    right: auto;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: #555;
}

.login-area {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    white-space: nowrap;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

/* Navigation improvements for RTL */
.nav-container {
    background: var(--sky-gradient);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 117, 255, 0.4);
}

.mobile-menu-toggle {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: white;
    font-size: 28px;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 10px;
}

.main-nav {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.nav-list {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    order: 1;
}

.utility-nav {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;
    order: 2;
}

.nav-link {
    display: block;
    color: white;
    padding: 15px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: background-color 0.2s;
}

.dropdown-arrow::after {
    content: '';
    display: inline-block;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    margin-right: 8px;
    margin-left: 0;
    vertical-align: middle;
    border-top: 4px solid;
    border-right: 4px solid transparent;
    border-left: 4px solid transparent;
}

.dropdown-menu {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    right: 0;
    left: auto;
    z-index: 1000;
    min-width: 200px;
    padding: 5px 0;
    background-color: white;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border-radius: 4px;
    text-align: right;
}

.dropdown-item {
    display: block;
    padding: 8px 15px;
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
    transition: background-color 0.2s;
    text-align: right;
}

/* Responsive breakpoints */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .search-input {
        width: 140px;
    }

    .search-input:focus {
        width: 160px;
    }

    .nav-link {
        padding: 15px 10px;
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .logo-text {
        font-size: 18px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {

    /* Header mobile styles */
    .header {
        padding: 12px 0;
    }

    .header-content {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 12px;
        align-items: stretch;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }

    .logo {
        justify-content: center;
        order: 1 !important;
    }

    .logo-text {
        font-size: 18px;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .header-controls {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: space-between;
        flex-direction: column-reverse;
        gap: 12px;
        order: 2 !important;
    }

    .search-form {
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 100%;
        order: 1;
    }

    .search-input,
    .search-input:focus {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .login-area {
        justify-content: center;
        order: 2;
        font-size: 13px;
    }

    /* Navigation mobile styles */
    .mobile-menu-toggle {
        display: block;
        position: relative;
        z-index: 1002;
        order: 1;
        align-self: center;
        padding: 8px;
    }

    .mobile-menu-toggle .menu-icon {
        font-size: 22px;
    }

    .nav-container {
        padding: 5px 0;
    }

    .nav-container .container {
        position: relative;
    }

    .main-nav {
        flex-direction: row;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
        position: relative;
        flex-wrap: nowrap;
        min-height: auto;
        padding: 5px 0;
    }

    .utility-nav {
        order: 2;
        flex-direction: row;
        gap: 4px;
        width: auto;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        border: none;
        align-items: center;
    }

    .utility-nav a {
        padding: 3px 8px;
        font-size: 10px;
        white-space: nowrap;
        line-height: 1.1;
        border-radius: 4px;
    }

    .utility-nav a i,
    .utility-nav a .fa {
        font-size: 9px;
        margin-left: 3px;
    }

    .nav-list {
        flex-direction: column;
        width: 100%;
        display: none;
        background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
        border-radius: 8px;
        margin-top: 10px;
        padding: 10px 0;
        animation: slideDown 0.3s ease;
        order: 3;
        flex-basis: 100%;
    }

    @keyframes slideDown {
        from {
            opacity: 0;
            transform: translateY(-10px);
        }

        to {
            opacity: 1;
            transform: translateY(0);
        }
    }

    .nav-list.active {
        display: flex;
    }

    .nav-item {
        width: 100%;
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    }

    .nav-item:last-child {
        border-bottom: none;
    }

    .nav-link {
        padding: 12px 20px;
        text-align: right;
        font-size: 15px;
    }

    .dropdown-menu {
        position: static;
        box-shadow: none;
        padding-right: 15px;
        padding-left: 0;
        min-width: 100%;
        background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
        border-radius: 0;
        display: none;
    }

    .dropdown-item {
        color: white;
        padding: 10px 20px;
        text-align: right;
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .dropdown-item:hover {
        background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
        color: white;
    }

    .utility-nav {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: center;
        margin-top: 10px;
        padding-top: 15px;
        border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
        gap: 20px;
        order: 3 !important;
    }

    .utility-nav .nav-link {
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .nav-list {
        order: 2 !important;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .logo-text {
        font-size: 16px;
    }

    .header-controls {
        gap: 10px;
    }

    .login-area {
        font-size: 12px;
        gap: 6px;
    }

    .login-link {
        font-size: 12px;
    }

    .nav-link {
        padding: 10px 15px;
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .dropdown-item {
        padding: 8px 15px;
        font-size: 13px;
    }

    .utility-nav {
        gap: 15px;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }

    .mobile-menu-toggle {
        font-size: 26px;
    }
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 1199px) {
    .article-link-item {
        height: 260px !important;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .article-link-item {
        height: 280px !important;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    .article-link-item {
        height: 250px !important;
    }
}

/* ===================================
   LOGIN PAGE STYLES WITH RTL SUPPORT
   =================================== */

.login-container {
    max-width: 500px;
    margin: 2rem auto;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.15);
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #ffffff;
    direction: rtl;
}

.login-header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 1.8rem;
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
}

.login-header h3 {
    margin: 0;
    font-weight: 600;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 10px;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    color: white;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
}

.login-header h3 i {
    color: white;
}

.login-header p {
    margin: 8px 0 0;
    opacity: 0.9;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: white;
}

.login-form {
    padding: 2rem;
    direction: rtl;
}

/* Form Labels */
.form-label {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #333;
    text-align: right;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.required-asterisk {
    color: #dc3545;
    font-weight: bold;
    margin-left: 3px;
}

/* Form Groups */
.form-group {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    position: relative;
}

/* Form Controls */
.form-control {
    height: 50px;
    padding: 12px 15px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    width: 100%;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.form-control:focus {
    border-color: #667eea;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
    outline: none;
}

/* Input Icons */
.input-icon {
    position: absolute;
    right: 15px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    color: #6c757d;
}

.form-control.with-icon {
    padding-right: 40px;
}

/* Enhanced Captcha Styling (v2) */
.captcha-container-v2 {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    direction: rtl;
}

.captcha-top-row-v2 {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 20px;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.captcha-image-v2 {
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 4px;
    height: 80px;
    flex: 1;
    width: 90%;
    background: white;
    padding: 7px;
}

.captcha-refresh-btn-v2 {
    background: #007bff;
    color: white;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    min-width: 60px;
    height: 50px;
}

.captcha-refresh-btn-v2:hover {
    background: #0056b3;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.captcha-refresh-btn-v2:active {
    transform: scale(0.98);
}

.captcha-refresh-btn-v2 i {
    font-size: 14px;
}

.captcha-input-v2 {
    width: 100%;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 10px 12px;
    font-size: 14px;
    background: white;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    border: none;
    background: transparent;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.captcha-input-v2:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: #007bff;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.25);
}

.captcha-input-v2::placeholder {
    color: #6c757d;
    font-size: 13px;
    text-align: right;
}

/* Form group spacing */
.form-group:has(.captcha-container-v2) {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

/* Enhanced accessibility and visual feedback */
.captcha-refresh-btn-v2:focus {
    outline: 2px solid #007bff;
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.captcha-container-v2:hover {
    border-color: #b8daff;
    background: #f1f8ff;
}

/* Loading state for refresh button */
.captcha-refresh-btn-v2.loading {
    pointer-events: none;
    opacity: 0.7;
}

.captcha-refresh-btn-v2.loading i {
    animation: spin-v2-rtl 1s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes spin-v2-rtl {
    from {
        transform: rotate(0deg);
    }

    to {
        transform: rotate(360deg);
    }
}

/* Legacy Captcha Container */
.captcha-container {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    direction: rtl;
}

.captcha-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    color: #495057;
    font-weight: 500;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.captcha-header i {
    margin-left: 10px;
    margin-right: 0;
    color: #667eea;
}

.captcha-image-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.captcha-image {
    height: 60px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.refresh-captcha {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 0 12px;
    height: 60px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.refresh-captcha:hover {
    background: #e9ecef;
}

/* Alert Styling */
.alert {
    padding: 12px 16px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    border-radius: 4px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.alert-danger {
    color: #721c24;
    background-color: #f8d7da;
    border-color: #f5c6cb;
}

.alert-info {
    color: #0c5460;
    background-color: #d1ecf1;
    border-color: #bee5eb;
}

.alert-warning {
    color: #856404;
    background-color: #fff3cd;
    border-color: #ffeaa7;
}

.alert i {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-left: 5px;
}

/* Login Button */
.btn-login {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    border: none;
    padding: 12px 25px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 1rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
    width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.btn-login:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6fd8 0%, #6a4190 100%);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
}

.btn-login:disabled {
    opacity: 0.7;
    transform: none !important;
}

/* Forgot Password Link */
.forgot-password {
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    transition: color 0.2s;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.forgot-password:hover {
    color: #764ba2;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.forgot-password i {
    order: 2;
}

/* Form Footer */
.form-footer {
    margin-top: 20px;
    text-align: right;
}

/* Page Content Wrapper */
.page-content-wrapper {
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.content-section {
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    padding: 2rem;
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .captcha-container-v2 {
        padding: 8px;
        gap: 8px;
    }

    .captcha-image-v2 {
        height: 50px;
    }

    .captcha-refresh-btn-v2 {
        padding: 6px 10px;
        min-width: 35px;
        height: 50px;
    }

    .captcha-refresh-btn-v2 i {
        font-size: 12px;
    }

    .captcha-input-v2 {
        padding: 8px 10px;
        font-size: 13px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .login-container {
        margin: 1rem;
    }

    .login-form {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }

    .form-footer {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 15px;
        align-items: stretch;
    }

    .btn-login {
        order: -1;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .captcha-container-v2 {
        padding: 6px;
        gap: 6px;
    }

    .captcha-image-v2 {
        height: 45px;
    }

    .captcha-refresh-btn-v2 {
        padding: 5px 8px;
        min-width: 32px;
        height: 45px;
    }

    .captcha-refresh-btn-v2 i {
        font-size: 11px;
    }

    .captcha-input-v2 {
        padding: 8px;
        font-size: 12px;
    }

    .captcha-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 8px;
    }

    .captcha-image {
        align-self: center;
    }

    .captcha-refresh-captcha {
        align-self: stretch;
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

/* =====================================
   REGISTER PAGE STYLES WITH RTL SUPPORT
   ===================================== */

.register-container {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.15);
    padding: 30px;
    margin: 2rem auto;
    max-width: 1200px;
    direction: rtl;
}

.register-heading {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e9ecef;
    padding-bottom: 15px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c3e50;
    /* Ensure icon sits on the right of the title text in RTL */
    flex-direction: row !important;
    justify-content: flex-start !important;
    text-align: right;
}

.register-heading .icon-wrapper {
    width: 45px;
    height: 45px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-right: 15px !important;
    margin-left: 0 !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
    order: 2 !important;
    /* Force icon to appear last (on the right in RTL) */
}

.register-heading .icon-wrapper i {
    color: white;
    font-size: 20px;
}

.register-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
    gap: 30px;
}

.register-form-section {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 25px;
}

.register-account-section {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 25px;
    align-self: start;
}

/* Register Alerts */
.register-alert {
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    padding: 15px 20px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    text-align: right;
}

.register-alert i {
    margin-left: 10px;
    margin-right: 0;
    font-size: 20px;
}

.alert-success {
    background: rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.1);
    border-right: 4px solid #28a745;
    border-left: none;
    color: #28a745;
}

.alert-danger {
    background: rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.1);
    border-right: 4px solid #dc3545;
    border-left: none;
    color: #dc3545;
}

.alert-default {
    background: rgba(108, 117, 125, 0.1);
    border-right: 4px solid #6c757d;
    border-left: none;
    color: #6c757d;
}

/* Register Form Groups */
.register-form-group {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.register-form-label {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #495057;
    text-align: right;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.register-form-input {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 12px 15px;
    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    background: white;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.register-form-input:focus {
    border-color: #667eea;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
    outline: none;
}

.register-form-textarea {
    min-height: 100px;
    resize: vertical;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.register-form-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
}

/* Register Form Select */
.register-form-select {
    position: relative;
}

.register-form-select select {
    appearance: none;
    -webkit-appearance: none;
    -moz-appearance: none;
    padding-left: 30px;
    padding-right: 15px;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.register-form-select:after {
    content: '\f078';
    font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Free';
    font-weight: 900;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 15px;
    right: auto;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    pointer-events: none;
    color: #6c757d;
}

/* Register Captcha */
.register-captcha-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-top: 15px;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.register-captcha-image {
    height: 60px;
    width: 85%;
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.register-captcha-input {
    flex-grow: 1;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.register-captcha-refresh {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 0 12px;
    height: 60px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.register-captcha-refresh:hover {
    background: #e9ecef;
}

/* Register Submit Button */
.register-submit-btn {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    border: none;
    padding: 12px 30px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 1rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.register-submit-btn:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6fd8 0%, #6a4190 100%);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
}

/* Register Switch (Toggle) */
.register-switch {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    width: 60px;
    height: 30px;
}

.register-switch input {
    opacity: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
}

.register-switch-slider {
    position: absolute;
    cursor: pointer;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background-color: #ccc;
    transition: .4s;
    border-radius: 30px;
}

.register-switch-slider:before {
    position: absolute;
    content: "";
    height: 22px;
    width: 22px;
    right: 4px;
    left: auto;
    bottom: 4px;
    background-color: white;
    transition: .4s;
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.register-switch input:checked+.register-switch-slider {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
}

.register-switch input:checked+.register-switch-slider:before {
    transform: translateX(-30px);
}

.register-switch-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

/* Register File Upload */
.register-file-upload {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    display: inline-block;
    width: 100%;
}

.register-file-upload input[type="file"] {
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    left: auto;
    top: 0;
    opacity: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.register-file-upload-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 10px 15px;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border: 1px dashed #e0e0e0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    direction: rtl;
}

.register-file-upload-btn:hover {
    background: #e9ecef;
}

.register-required {
    color: #dc3545;
    margin-right: 4px;
    margin-left: 0;
}

/* Email Signup Section (Newsletter) */
.email-signup {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 20px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    direction: rtl;
}

.signup-heading {
    color: #002856;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    font-weight: bold;
    text-align: right;
}

.signup-text {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    text-align: right;
}

.signup-form {
    display: flex;
    max-width: 500px;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.signup-input {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border: 1px solid #ced4da;
    border-left: none;
    border-right: 1px solid #ced4da;
    font-family: inherit;
    text-align: right;
    direction: rtl;
}

.signup-button {
    background-color: #002856;
    color: white;
    border: none;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    cursor: pointer;
}

/* Responsive Design for Register */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .register-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .register-container {
        padding: 20px;
    }

    .register-form-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 15px;
    }

    .register-heading {
        font-size: 1.3rem;
    }

    .signup-form {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .signup-input {
        margin-bottom: 10px;
        border-left: 1px solid #ced4da;
        border-right: 1px solid #ced4da;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .register-container {
        padding: 18px;
    }

    .register-captcha-refresh {
        height: 50px;
        width: 15%;
    }
}

/* Force icon to appear on the right side of the heading text in RTL */
.register-heading {
    flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
    justify-content: flex-end !important;
}

.register-heading .icon-wrapper {
    margin-left: 15px !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
}